Discover the different ways Asian countries celebrate Lunar New Year.
Contrary to what Western people may think, Lunar New Year is not an exclusively Chinese holiday. True, it follows the Chinese Lunar calendar (this year, it falls on Feb. 1, the Year of the Tiger), but the holiday is celebrated across Asia, and each country has its own customs and traditions.
Here’s how Lunar New Year is celebrated in some Asian countries.
Korea
In Korea, Lunar New Year is one of the most important traditional holidays, offering a chance to pay respect to your ancestors and elders. It’s a three-day celebration, and everyone ages one year at the start of the Lunar New Year celebrations.
After seh bae, they eat dishes like mandu (Korean dumplings) and dduk-guk (thinly sliced rice cake soup). Other holiday foods include mandu-guk (dumpling soup), galbijjim (braised beef short ribs), japchae (glass noodles), and ddeok (rice cakes).
Yut Nori is a traditional game, which involves wooden sticks and yeonnalligi (kite-flying).
Japan
In Japan, although it’s not common to celebrate the Lunar New Year, there are celebrations in the Chukagai (Chinatown areas) in Yokohama, Kobe, and Nagasaki and newly established Chinese communities in Ikebukuro.
Back in time, Japan also used the same traditional lunar calendar as China, hence the country historically celebrated New Year’s at the same period of time. However, in the Meiji Period, when the Japanese government moved towards Westernization, they adopted the Gregorian calendar, used in Western countries, starting the new year on January 1st. Despite this, the symbolic meaning of the zodiac animals continued to be of importance and because of the high number of Chinese immigrants, Lunar New Year events are still celebrated throughout Japan.
During Lunar New Year, there are performances on the streets such as lion and dragon dances. Firecrackers are lit and streets and stores are decorated with red lanterns and paper-cuts. The atmosphere is vibrant, and many people come to experience Lunar New Year.
China
In China, celebrations focus on New Year’s Eve, with families coming together to mark the occasion. It’s custom to wear new clothes to ring in the new year, usually in lucky colors of red and gold.
In northern China, traditional food eaten during Lunar New Year is made using flour, like baos, pancakes, noodles, and dumplings. Families often make these dishes from scratch, and kids typically search for a lucky coin inside dumplings. The dumplings are usually served with fish, as it symbolizes abundance for the year ahead. Throughout China, family members give each other red envelopes with money as well.
Several superstitions are also widely believed throughout the country. These include not buying new shoes during Chinese New Year and cleaning your house before the holiday, so that you’re not washing away good luck at the start of the year. For that same reason, people also don’t cut or wash their hair around Lunar New Year.
Vietnam
In Vietnam, Lunar New Year is also known as Tết, and it’s celebrated with family. Food, like bánh tét (log-like cylinder) and bánh chưng (square) sticky rice cakes, plays a vital role in the celebrations. Bánh chưng is preferred in northern Vietnam, where it’s fried with a little oil for a steamed version. Other dishes include củ kiệu (pickled scallion), tôm kho (dried shrimp) and mứt Tết (candied fruits).
Just like other countries, Vietnam has its own traditional costume — the áo dài — a silk tunic with slits on either side that’s worn over pants by both men and women. But on Lunar New Year, women usually wear it. Children receive red envelopes with money from their older relatives, too.
Most families go to the temple together to pray for good luck, health, and fortune. Some superstitions include paying off all your debts and cleaning your house before the new year, as well as not throwing anything away on New Year’s Day, as it’s considered to be getting rid of good luck.
Singapore
With an approximately 75% Chinese population, Singapore goes all out for Lunar New Year. A variety of treats, from sticky rice cakes to pineapple tarts and nian gao, can be enjoyed here. Another food that’s commonly eaten is yusheng, a traditional salad that’s only had during the holiday.
Red envelopes are handed out with the phrase “Fú” (meaning good luck) engraved on them. It’s also custom to pay respect to Buddha by going to a temple and lighting incense.
The Chingay Parade, which occurs each year for Lunar New Year, is an extravagant celebration that includes everything from giant floats to lion dancers. Meanwhile, the largest Chinese New Year festival in Singapore is the River Hongbao, which is hosted at different locations across the country each year.
Malaysia
In Malaysia, the Lunar New Year is seen as the welcoming of spring and a chance for families to come together for an annual reunion dinner. The holiday lasts for 15 days, then Chap Goh Mei is celebrated. (Depending on your ethnic group, there are some days specific for celebration. For example, Hokkien New Year is observed on the ninth day of Chinese New Year.)
Yee sang is a salad dish that can be found at almost every table, as it represents good luck and prosperity. Nián gāo, a Chinese New Year’s cake made with rice flour, is also popular during the Lunar New Year. Mandarin oranges symbolize good luck, while red pocket envelopes (known as ang pow) are given to children and unmarried family members. Many Buddhist families invite lion dancers to their homes to bless their altars and ward off bad spirits, too.
Traditional outfits are called cheongsam (also known as qipao) are worn in red. They also say if you’re celebrating your zodiac year, you must wear the color gold to attract even more abundance for the year.
Taiwan
In Taiwan, most people go home to celebrate the new year with their families. It’s another country that strongly associates the holiday with food. Nian gao (dumplings) is the most popular dish, closely followed by pineapple. It’s considered good luck to not eat all the fish and keep some leftovers from your holiday meals.
Most Taiwanese people spend time with their family and elders in their homes. They also exchange red envelopes during the holiday, and many neighborhoods set off firework displays.
Philippines
When the clock strikes midnight in the Philippines, you’ll see children and adults jumping for joy, as it’s said that it will make them grow taller. The most traditional celebration of the Lunar New Year is called Media Noche, where Filipino families come together for a midnight feast to celebrate a year of prosperity ahead. The table is usually full of round-shaped fruits — a tradition that originates from China — as the shape represents good fortune.
The food that’s typically eaten during Lunar New Year in the Philippines includes sticky rice dishes, such as biko, bibingka, and nian gao, since it’s believed to help bind families together. Pancit (long noodles) is also enjoyed to help bring a healthy, long life and good luck for the year ahead.
One of the most unique superstitions of the Lunar New Year in the Philippines is choosing to wear polka dots, as their round shape represents prosperity, money, and good fortune. Fireworks are also often set off to create loud noises to scare away any bad spirits, while lights are turned on and windows and doors are left open. Another popular superstition is not spending any money on the first day of the year to encourage better finances.
